KIRAN DEVI V. BIHAR STATE SUNNI WAKF BOARD

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 280

BENCH: JUSTICES ASHOK BHUSHAN, SA NAZEER AND HEMANT GUPTA

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 05 April 2021

PROCEDURAL LAW

ISSUE: What happens to a petition filed under the wrong nomenclature?

JUDGMENT: The Supreme Court explained that when a petition is filed against an order of the Wakf Tribunal before the High Court, the High Court exercises the jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. Therefore, it being immaterial that the petition was titled a writ petition. In fact, in some High Courts, the petition is tiled as a writ petition under Article 227 and in some High Courts as revision petition and in others as a miscellaneous petition. The Court reiterated that the nomenclature under which the petition is filed is not quite relevant and it does not debar the court from exercising its jurisdiction which otherwise it possesses.

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KIRAN DEVI V. BIHAR STATE SUNNI WAKF BOARD

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 314

BENCH: JUSTICES ASHOK BHUSHAN, SA NAZEER AND HEMANT GUPTA

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 05 April 2021

FAMILY LAW

ISSUE: Can there be a presumption of Hindu joint family property if a business activity is carried out by Karta in a tenanted premise?

JUDGMENT: The Supreme Court held that there can be a presumption of Hindu joint family property if the property has been acquired by the male member or if the same has been treated as a joint Hindu family. But such presumption is  not attached to a business activity carried out by an individual in a tenanted premise.

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SANJIV PRAKASH V. SEEMA KUKREJA

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 282

BENCH: JUSTICES RF NARIMAN, BR GAVAI, AND HRISHIKESH ROY

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06 April 2021

ARBITRATION LAW

ISSUE: Question pertaining to novation of contract is to be excluded from the purview of Sec 11 of Arbitration Act

JUDGMENT:  The Supreme Court held that such “complex” questions cannot possibly be decided in the exercise of a limited prima facie review as to whether an arbitration agreement exists between the parties. It was further held that a Section 11 court under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 cannot decide the questions of fact and the law relating to novation of a contract containing an arbitration clause and must refer them to an arbitral tribunal.

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DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX V. PEPSI FOODS LTD.

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 283

BENCH: JUSTICES RF NARIMAN, BR GAVAI, AND HRISHIKESH ROY

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06 April 2021

TAXATION LAW

ISSUE: No automatic vacation of stay under Section 254(2A) Proviso 3 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 if the assessee is not responsible for the delay

JUDGMENT: Dealing with an important question as to the constitutional validity of the third proviso to Section 254(2A) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, the Supreme Court has held that any order of stay shall stand vacated after the expiry of the period or periods mentioned in the Section only if the delay in disposing of the appeal is attributable to the assessee.

The Court, hence, concluded:

The third proviso to Section 254(2A) of the Income Tax Act, which provides for the automatic vacation of a stay granted after 365 days, whether or not the assessee is responsible for the delay in hearing the appeal, was found to be discriminatory and thus liable to be struck down as violating Article 14 of the Indian Constitution.

Furthermore, even if the Appellate Tribunal could not take up the appeal in time due to no fault of the assessee, the aforementioned proviso would result in the automatic vacation of a stay following the expiration of 365 days.

In addition, even if the revenue is to blame for the delay in hearing the appeal, the revenue would benefit from the vacation of stay. In this respect, the aforementioned proviso is likewise obviously arbitrary, since it is a provision that is capricious, irrational, and disproportionate in the eyes of the assessee.

Hence, Supreme Court held while partially upholding the validity of the third proviso to Section 254(2A) of the Income Tax Act, that the same will now be read without the word “even” and the words “is not” after the words “delay in disposing of the appeal”. As a result, any order of stay will be dismissed after the expiration of the time or periods specified in the Section only if the assessee is responsible for the delay in disposing of the appeal.

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MOHAMMAD SALIMULLAH V. UNION OF INDIA

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 296

BENCH: JUSTICES SA BOBDE, CJ AND AS BOPANNA AND V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08 April 2021

INTERNATIONAL LAW

ISSUE: Rohingya Refugees are not to be deported unless the procedure prescribed for such deportation is followed.

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court took note of the serious allegations made by the Union of India relating to (i) the threat to the internal security of the country; and (ii) Due to the porous nature of the landed borders, agents and touts provide a secure way into India for illegal immigrants. It also took into account the fact that the Court had previously denied an appeal for similar relief in the case of those imprisoned in Assam. As a result, the prayed-for interim relief was denied. The Apex Court also gave directions that the Rohingyas in Jammu, on whose behalf the present application is filed, shall not be deported unless the procedure prescribed for such deportation is followed.

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IFFCO TOKIO GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD. V. PEARL BEVERAGES

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 309

BENCH: JUSTICES UU LALIT, INDIRA BANERJEE, AND KM JOSEPH

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12 April 2021

INSURANCE LAW

ISSUE: Right to establish the case of insured in case of no test for drunkenness.

JUDGMENT: The Supreme Court held Merely because there is no test performed, the Insurer would not be deprived of its right to establish a case that is well within its rights under the contract. It was directed by the Supreme Court case where there is a blood test or breath test, which indicates that there is no consumption at all, undoubtedly, it would not be open to the insurer to set up the case of exclusion, however, the absence of test may not disable the insurer from establishing a case for exclusion from liability on the ground of drunk driving.

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STATE OF RAJSTHAN V. ASHOK KUMAR KASHYAP

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 314

BENCH: JUSTICES ASHOK BHUSHAN, SA NAZEER AND HEMANT GUPTA

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 13 April 2021

PROCEDURAL LAW

ISSUE: Mini Trial not permissible at the stage of framing of charge.

JUDGMENT: The Supreme Court held in an interesting case that evaluation of evidence on merits is not permissible at the stage of considering the application for discharge and the same is beyond the scope of revisional jurisdiction of the High Courts. The Bench explained, “At the stage of framing of the charge and/or considering the discharge application, the mini-trial is not permissible.”

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BOOTA SINGH V. STATE OF HARYANA

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 1913

BENCH: JUSTICES UU LALIT & KM JOSEPH

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 16 APRIL 2021

NARCOTICS AND CRIMINAL

ISSUE: Whether the case of Accused falls under Section 42 or 43 NDPS Act as they were arrested while being on road sitting in the jeep and thus a public place?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court allowed the appeal and set aside the view of the High Court and acquits the appellants of the charge leveled against them under Section 43 of the NDPS Act. The court stated that the vehicle in the present case belongs to accused Gurdeep Singh and the vehicle was not a public conveyance. The Registration Certificate of the vehicle makes it clear that it is not a Public Transport Vehicle. The explanation given under Section 43 shows that a private vehicle would not come under the expression public place. So the present case falls under Section 42 of the NDPS Act. 

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IN RE: EXPEDITIOUS TRIAL OF CASES UNDER SECTION 138 OF N.I. ACT 1881

CITATION: 2021 SCC ONLINE SC 325

BENCH: FORMER CJI S.A. BOBDE AND JUSTICES L. NAGESWARA RAO, B.R. GAVAI, A.S. BOPANNA, AND S. RAVINDRA BHAT

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 16 APRIL 2021

CRIMINAL AND NI ACT

ISSUE: What guidelines could be resorted to ensure expeditious trial in the cases of Section 138 of the NI Act?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court in the suo moto case laid the following direction to ensure expeditious trial:

Magistrates have to record sufficient reasons and due care shall be exercised before converting complaints under Section 138 from summary trial to summons trial and conversion should not be in a mechanical manner.

When the accused reside beyond the territorial jurisdiction of the court, Magistrate shall conduct enquired as per Section 202 of CrPC to arrive at sufficient ground to proceed against the accused.

While inquiry under Section 202 CrPC the evidence of witnesses on behalf of the complainant shall be permitted to be taken on affidavit.

Trial courts are directed to treat service of summons in one complaint as deemed service in respect of all the complaints filed before the same court relating to dishonor of cheques which forms the part of the same transactions.

The trial court does not have the inherent power to review or recall the issue of summons in the complaint filed under Section 138 of the NI Act.

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M.K. RANJITSINH V. UNION OF INDIA

CITATION2021 SCC ONLINE SC 326

BENCH: FORMER CJI S.A. BOBDE AND JUSTICES A.S. BOPANNA AND V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 19 APRIL 2021

ENVIRONMENT

ISSUE: Court was dealing with the issue of protection of two species of birds the Great Indian Bustard and the Lesser Florican that are on the verge of extinction. 

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court held that sustainable development and striking a balance the protection of the rare species of birds is essential. And the effort should be made to save every bird at the same time appropriately allowing transmission of power. Court also issued a certain direction for the protection of birds such as the government to convert all overhead cables into underground powerlines in the priority and potential GIB area. And it should be completed within one year. Court also directed to constitute a committee as the laying of a high voltage underground power line would require expertise to assess the feasibility. The court stated that the priority shall be given to save the nearly extinct. Areas, where eggs are laid, are to be fenced and protected from invasion by predators so that the eggs laid in these areas are protected.

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PLR PROJECTS PVT. LTD V. MAHANADI COALFIELDS LTD.

CITATION2021 SCC ONLINE SC 332

BENCH: FORMER CJI SA BOBE AND JUSTICES SK KAUL AND SURYA KANT

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 20 APRIL 2021

SERVICE

ISSUE: Appointments under Articles 217 and 224 of the Constitution of India what emphasis could be placed on?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court laid down certain directions to facilitate timely appointment-

The Intelligence Bureau should submit the report to the Central Government within 4 to 6 weeks from the date of recommendation of the High Court Collegium.

The Central Government to forward the recommendations to the Supreme Court within 8 to 12 weeks from the date of receipt of the Intelligence Bureau reports and the views from the State Government.

The government then should proceed to make the appointment immediately on the consideration and if Government has any reservations on the suitability or in the public interest, it should be sent back to the Supreme Court Collegium mentioning the specific reasons for such reservation within the same period.

If the Supreme Court Collegium after considering the reasons inputs still reiterates the recommendation unanimously then an appointment should be processed and made within 3 to 4 weeks.

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RAMESH BHAVAN RATHOD V. VISHANBHAI HIRABHAI MAKWANA MAKWANA

CITATION2021 SCC ONLINE SC 335

BENCH: JUSTICES D.Y. CHANDRACHUD AND M. R. SHAH

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 20 APRIL 2021

CRIMINAL LAW

ISSUE: Whether High Court erred in granting bail to the accused person?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court allowed the appeal and the accused were to surrender forthwith. Court set aside the order of the High Court stating it being be tainted with perversity. It is well-settled in law that cancellation of bail after it is granted because the accused has misconduct or of some supervening circumstances warranting such cancellation. Grant of bail involves the liberty of the accused, the interest of the State, and the victims of crime. So while granting bail court cannot do away with its duty to apply a judicial mind and to record reasons to decide whether or not to grant bail. Court emphasized the need for reasoned disposal of bail matters.

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LOK PRAHARI THROUGH ITS GENERAL SECRETARY S.N. SHUKLA IAS (RETD.) V. UNION OF INDIA

CITATION: 2021 LATEST CASELAW 213 SC

BENCH: FORMER CJI SA BOBE AND JUSTICES SK KAUL AND SURYA KANT

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 20 APRIL 2021

CONSTITUTION

ISSUE: Whether Ad-hoc Judges are an alternative to a regular appointment?

JUDGMENT: The court stated that Ad-hoc Judges are an alternative to regular appointments. It further laid down the guidelines of appointment of Ad-hoc judges in the High Court under Article 224A. While observing the Article, the court stated that a non-obstante clause was present so that any person who has held the office of a Judge of that Court or of any other High Court can be requested to sit and act as a judge. Court also stated that the person while sitting and acting as a judge will be entitled to such allowances as the President may by order determine. And will have the jurisdiction, powers, and privileges of the High Court judge and not for any other purpose.

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IN RE: TO ISSUE CERTAIN GUIDELINES REGARDING INADEQUACIES AND DEFICIENCIES IN CRIMINAL TRIALS V. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

CITATION: 2021 SCC ONLINE SC 329

BENCH: FORMER CJI SA BOBDE AND JUSTICES L. NAGESWARA RAO AND S. RAVINDRA BHATT

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 20 APRIL 2021

CRIMINAL

ISSUE: Formalization of Draft Rules of Criminal Practice, 2021 i.e, How the draft rules as appended with an order to be implemented?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court in the suo moto proceeding disposed of by stating immediate step to incorporate Draft Rules, 2021 as a rule for governing criminal trials and modify the existing rules, notifications, orders, and practice within 6 months from the date of judgment. Court also stated if there is a requirement of approval by the State governments departments, it shall be made within six months. State and police authorities have to make necessary amendments to the police manuals and instructions. Counsels appearing for the states and union territories have to make sure that proper steps are taken to incorporate the Drat rules.

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DEVENDRA KUMAR SAXENA V. CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (CBI)

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 2006

BENCH: JUSTICE V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 20 APRIL 2021

CRIMINAL 

ISSUE: Whether transfer petition can be granted on health grounds?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court dismissed the petition stating that however sympathetic one may be to the health condition transfer cannot be granted while taking into consideration the totality of the circumstances. However, Court also stated the Trial Court shall take note of the health condition of the Petitioner and manage without his personal appearance, except when necessary. Court also held court can consider virtually participation of the Petitioner, so that he is not completely in the dark about what is happening.

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PASL WIND SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LTD. V. GE POWER CONVERSION INDIA PRIVATE LTD.

CITATION: 2021 LATEST CASELAW 215 SC

BENCH:  JUSTICES R.F. NARIMAN, B.R. GAVAI, AND HRISHIKESH ROY

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 20 APRIL 2021

ARBITRATION 

ISSUE: Whether an agreement between two Indian parties to arbitrate in a foreign seat was against the Indian Contract Act 1872?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court set aside the order of the High Court where High Court held application under Section 9 Arbitration Act for interim relief is not maintainable. Supreme Court held remedies under Section 9 are available even where two Indian parties adopt a foreign seat. The court stated that Indian parties are free to choose a seat outside India and there is no bar under the Arbitration Act against choosing a foreign law as the law of the contract. Court also discussed the criteria for an award to be considered a foreign award.

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M/S. ORIENTAL STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. V. STATE OF KERALA

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 2031

BENCH: JUSTICES SURYA KANT AND ANIRUDDHA BOSE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 22 APRIL 2021

ARBITRATION AND CONTRACT

ISSUE: Whether the Contractor was entitled to interest for delayed payment when the interest rate for delayed payment is left blank?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court held not to mention if the interest rate does not mean that there is no payment of interest on delayed payments. Since in the present case when there is a contract between the parties for the payment of interest on delayed payment but the rate of interest is left blank and there is not an exclusionary clause. Then the parties are obligated to pay the same. And the court or Tribunal will decide the rate of interest.

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SUDHA SINGH V. STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

CITATION: 2021 SCC ONLINE SC 342

BENCH: FORMER CJI SA BOBDE, AND JUSTICES WITH AS BOPANNA AND V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 23 APRIL 2021

CRIMINAL

ISSUE: Whether Accused considered as a potential threat to witnesses etc. could be granted bail?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court allowed the appeal and set aside the order of the Allahabad High Court granting bail to a gangster arrested under Section 3 (1) of the U.P. Gangster and Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986. The court stated that the high court has overlooked several aspects including the potential threat to witnesses while granting bail. In these types of cases, the court should not take into account only the parties before them and the incident in question but other factors also. Court also stated that liberty is also important even for the person charged with a crime but it is equally important for the courts to recognize the potential threat to the life and liberty of victims and witnesses.

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KALABHAI HAMIRBHAI KACHHOT V. STATE OF GUJARAT

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 2327

BENCH: JUSTICES ASHOK BHUSHAN AND R. SUBHASH REDDY

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 28 APRIL 2021

CRIMINAL 

ISSUE: Whether in circumstances where Appellant conviction is based on injured eye witnesses suffering from major contradictions, could be held as being successful in proving the case beyond a reasonable doubt?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court held that prosecution has proved the case against Appellant-Accused beyond reasonable doubt and did not find any merit in the appeals and the same was dismissed. As the key witnesses testimony is trustworthy, consistent, and natural. Court added that contradictions that are projected are minor contradictions and cannot be the basis to discard their evidence. There is no substance in the argument that there are major contradictions. It cannot be a basis for discarding the evidence because of the minor contradictions. Court also held that evidence of the injured witnesses cannot to set aside without any cogent reasons.

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COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-I V. M/S. RELIANCE ENERGY LTD. (FORMERLY BSES LTD.) THROUGH ITS M.D.

CITATION: 2021 LATEST CASELAW 227 SC

BENCH: JUSTICES L. NAGESWARA RAO AND VINEET SARAN

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 28 APRIL 2021

TAXATION

ISSUE: Whether the deduction to be restricted to business income, as had been the stand of the revenue for the assessment year?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court dismissed the appeal stating the scope of Section 80-IA (5) of the Income Tax Act is limited to the determination of quantum of deduction under Section 80-IA (1) treating eligible businesses as the only source of income. The deduction business as a whole has to be treated as the only source of income. It is not relevant under which head of income, the income is assessable.

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JHARKHAND STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD V. M/S. RAMKRISHNA FORGING LTD.

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 2184

BENCH: JUSTICES L. NAGESWARA RAO AND VINEET SARAN

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 30 APRIL 2021

ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003 

ISSUE: Whether provision relating to non-reduction of load before the expiry of the initial period of the agreement is discriminatory, arbitrary, and against the public policy?

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court dismissed the petition since a reduction of load should be allowed under the provisions of Regulations 9.2 of regulations 2005 while stating that the board has erred in treating the application for reduction of load to be determined by clause 9b of the agreement. Court also stated that it will deliberately not deal with whether the provision of Regulations 9.2.1 is discriminatory, arbitrary, and against the public policy. As it had been already dealt with by the High Court. Court held that the consumer has the liberty to pray for a reduction under Regulation 9.2. While going through the regulations and the agreements between the parties, the court believed that any agreement for increase and decrease in load after the first one shall be considered as supplementary agreements.

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IN RE: DISTRIBUTION OF ESSENTIAL SUPPLIES AND SERVICES DURING PANDEMIC

CITATION: AIR 2021 SC 2356

BENCH: JUSTICES DY CHANDRACHUD, L. NAGESWARA RAO, AND S. RAVINDRA BHAT

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 30 APRIL 2021

CONSTITUTION

ISSUE: The present proceedings were related to directions issued to the Central Government to report on the existence and requirement of setting up a coordinating body to consider the allocation of various resources and declaration of essential medicines and medical equipment as essential commodities concerning COVID.

JUDGMENT: Supreme Court passed the following directions in respect of the above submission:

Within 2 days from the hearing, the Government of India shall rectify the deficit in the supply of oxygen to the GNCTD.

The Central Government together with States needs to prepare a stock of oxygen for emergency purposes and decentralize the location of the emergency stocks.

The Central and State Governments to notify, it will attract a coercive exercise of jurisdiction by this Court in case of any clampdown on information on social media or harassment caused to individuals seeking or delivering help.

The Central Government needs to formulate a national policy for admissions in hospitals and it shall be followed by all the States. Until such policy is formulated, no patient shall be denied hospitalization or essential drugs for lack of local residential proof or identity proof.

The Central Government shall revisit its policies for the availability of oxygen, availability, and pricing of vaccines, and availability of essential drugs at affordable prices.

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SUKHBIR V. AJIT SINGH

CITATION: 2021 LATEST CASELAW 229 SC

BENCH:  JUSTICES D.Y. CHANDRACHUD AND M. R. SHAH

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 30 APRIL 2021

CONTRACT

ISSUE: Whether the respondent is entitled to compensation when the contract has become impossible for no fault of the plaintiff as the land has been acquired by the acquiring body under the Land Acquisition Act?

JUDGMENT: The Supreme Court held that the decree for compensation holds good since it was passed as an alternate decree instead of a decree of the specific performance. Under section 21 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, states an award of compensation can be passed instead of specific performance. Court referred to the case of Jagdish Singh v. Natthu Singh, (1992) 1 SCC 647 and Urmila Devi v. Deity, Mandir Shree Chamunda Devi, (2018) 2 SCC 284, held that respondent is entitled to Rs. 3,00,000/- as compensation which is deposited with the acquiring body and the remaining deposited amount is to be paid to the original plaintiff as compensation together with interest and solatium.

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Relevant Links:

  • To Read Important Supreme Court Judgements of January 2021, Click Here
  • To Read Important Supreme Court Judgements of February 2021, Click Here
  • To Read Important Supreme Court Judgements of March 2021, Click Here

 About the Author: This Case Brief is prepared by Mr. Naveen Toppo, a 5th-year law student at the National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi and is an intern at MyLawman. He can be reached at naveennusrl@gmail.com and by Ms. Arpana Singh, law student at Central University of South Bihar and is an intern at MyLawman. She can be reached at arpana129@gmail.com


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